经济停滞做生意挣不到钱 5 Enormous e.g. We have done an enormous amount of research before seeking a partner. 在寻找伙伴以前我们做了大量调研工作 6 Successor e.g. With a more powerful successor to the old model, we can hardly stand still in the new market. 有了换代产品我们在新市场上不会原封不动了 7 Forte 意大利语音乐符号f原意是响的强有力的 e.g. To negotiate with our buyers is my forte. 与买方谈判是我的特长我最擅长与买方谈判 8 Integration e.g. Regional economic integration is beyond any doubt a historical trend. 地区经济一体化无疑是个历史潮流 9 Stance e.g. They criticized him for his rigid stance on trade terms. 他们批评了他在贸易条件方面的僵硬态度 3. Presentation In his interview Peter Harrington used a number of phrasal verbs. Phrasal verbs are a common feature of spoken English, both formal and informal. Unlike other language forms, phrasal verbs are more difficult to identify precisely. In grammatical terms a phrasal verb consists of a verb and an adverb. For example: So, we’ve had to speed up every aspect of the operation. PH has taken off in a big way. ~~~~~ ~~~~ verb adverb In semantic terms, we will define a phrasal verb as one whose meaning is different from the meaning of its individual parts. For example: You never make up lost time.(make up = recover) 3.1 Word order in phrasal verb phrases The following alternative word order is possible: ■ verb + adverb + rest of sentence move on to Zurich ■ verb + adverb + object tie up a deal ■ verb + object + adverb tie a deal up ■ verb + object pronoun + adverb tie it up (Not: tie up it) 3.2 Common adverbs used in phrasal verbs about along away back down forward in off on out over round through up 3.3 Phrasal verbs vs. verb + preposition Some phrasal verbs look very similar to verb + preposition constructions. For example: He ran upan enormous bill. (phrasal verb: accumulated) He ran up an enormous hill. (verb + preposition: moved quickly up the hill) One way of distinguishing between the two is the fronting test, when the preposition is focused in initial place in initial place in the sentence. For example: Up a bill he ran. (X) Up a hill he ran. (√) Only the preposition + verb combination makes an acceptable sentence. A second way is by asking a question to get an adverb or preposition phrase in the answer. For example: Where did he run? Up a bill (X) Up a hill (√) Only the preposition + verb combination makes an acceptable answer. Notice also the difference in the position of the pronoun. For example: He ran up an enormous bill. He ran it up. He ran up an enormous hill. He ran up it. 4. Controlled practice A. Samantha Evans has now transcribed the interview with Peter Harrington and is going to use it as the basis for an article in Business World. Look at the transcription, identify all the verb phrases(verb + adverb and verb + preposition), and classify them as verb + adverb or verb + preposition. I’m very pleased that the work we’re doing at PH Industries is getting recognition. But I don’t want this award to distract me from my purpose here, which is to make PH a major player in the VACs market. If I look into my diary for the next week, we can get an idea of where the interest in VACs lies. On Monday morning, I’ll be looking over our new production site at Hinton. In fact, we needed to move in earlier than planned because demand has been higher than expected. So, we’ve had to speed up every aspect of the operation. One thing I’ve learned over the last three years is that you never make up lost time. We’ve closed down the old plant totally now and everything is up and running at Hinton. So, after Hinton, I’ve got a meeting in Paris with our French team. We need to tie up a deal for the distribution of the VAC2000, which is becoming a business-standard model for many big names. Of course, that’s part of the reason for the pressure to get Hinton up and running. So, once I’ve found out the scale of the immediate French needs, I’m moving on to Zurich for an afternoon meeting with a major software manufacturer. It may be Visitech, but there are still some points to iron out. Form Zurich I’m going on th Budapest on Tuesday. We have to take a medium-term view of the market and look at where they are going to be five years from now. the potential is enormous. My job is to make sure that we are there when the barriers are truly broken down. At the moment, I’m talking them round to our way of thinking and way of working. The rest will happen when the time is right. B. Now complete the following phrasal verb sentences by inserting an appropriate adverb. 1. I can’t get to Munich this week, so I’m going to put ___________ my visit till next week. 2. Despite our efforts, the negotiations have broken ____________ again. 3. I’m very relieved that the workers have called the strike ____________. 4. Before you leave, make sure that you shut the computer system ___________. 5. I look ____________ to seeing you in the near future. 6. To get through security, you’ll have to fill _____________ a form. 7. I’m afraid I didn’t understand that point. Could we come ______________ to it afterwards? 8. we’ve decided to increase our offer; we’ve put it ______________ by ₤30000. 9. Let’s throw this idea ____________ and see if it has any potential. 10. This idea is useless; let’s throw it _________________ now. 5. Word study A. The following word table is based on words taken from the text in Management Themes. Fill in the missing words. 请见附图7-1 B. Now look at the text in Management Themes again and choose the phrase closest in meaning to the underlined words. 1. to be at the helm a. to lead b. to manage c. to attack 2. to mould the company’s growth a. to help the company’s growth b. to direct the company’s growth c. to stabilise the company’s growth 3. a pretty gloomy view a. a totally pessimistic view b. quite a pessimistic view c. a slightly pessimistic view 4. to subscribe to Theory Y a. to advocate Theory Y b. to understand Theory Y c. to support Theory Y 5. a substantial majority of the population a. 50-60% of the population b. 60-70% of the population c. more than 70% of the population 6. as long as certain conditions are met a. if certain conditions are met b. if and only if certain conditions are met c. unless certain conditions are met 7. under the right circumstances a. if circumstances are right b. after circumstances are right c. before circumstances are right 8. to be eager to work a. to be willing to work b. to be interested in work c. to be keen to work Key to 4. A. (V+A = verb + adverb; V+P = verb + preposition) we’re doing at PH Industries (V+P) to distract me from my purpose here (V+P) If I look into my diary (V+P) I’ll be looking over our new production site at Hinton (V+P) to move in earlier than planned (V+A) we’ve had to speed up every aspect (V+A) you never make up lost time (V+A) We’ve closed down the old plant (V+A) We need to tie up a deal (V+A) once I’ve found out the scale of the immediate French needs (V+A) I’m moving on to Zurich (V+A) there are still some points to iron out (V+A) I’m going on to Budapest (V+A) look at where they are going to be five years from now (V+A) when the barriers are truly broken down (V+A) I’m talking them round to our way of thinking (V+A) B. 1. I can’t get to Munich this week, so I’m going to put off my visit till next week. 2. Despite our efforts, the negotiations have broken down again. 3. I’m very relieved that the workers have called the strike off. 4. Before you leave, make sure that you shut the computer system down. 5. I look forward to seeing you in the near future. 6. To get through security, you’ll have to fill in a form. 7. I’m afraid I didn’t understand that point. Could we come back to it afterwards? 8. we’ve decided to increase our offer; we’ve put it up by ₤30000. 9. Let’s throw this idea around and see if it has any potential. 10. This idea is useless; let’s throw it out now. Key to 5. A.请见附图 B. 1. a 2. b 3. b 4. c 5. c 6. b 7. a 8. c 6. 补充练习 6.1.1 翻译练习 6.1.1中译英 1 新书一面市就走红我当天买了一本想连夜读完看到一半,同屋王红关了灯我很恼火我知道得受这份儿气不过还是想法说服她我开始给她讲故事其实故事是我编造的她上当了20分钟后她让步了把灯大开了我说故事发生在伦敦的地铁里当心那个手提包要爆炸了人们都往出口跑一辆警车突然停在出口4名警察出现了 2 我从小时候看过的一幅画中吸取了不少灵感那是一匹奔马代表飞快的时间后来成了我作生意的哲学基础我管理公司四十余年来懂得了时光一去不复返的道理营销一种新型产品我们需要抓住每一个机会我们这次的新产品声控计算机将在中国产生影响我们将会与中国的几家大公司成交做到这一点眼下还有许多问题需要解决如提供培训组织未来的客户来工厂参观等19971998两年就够忙了 Key to 6.1.1 (1) The book took off as soon as it appeared. I bought one and wanted to finish reading it that very night. I was half way through when my roommate Wang Hong turned off the light. I was really put out. I knew I had to put up with her, but I also knew I could try to bring her around. I started to tell her the story. Of course I made up some of the details. She was attracted by it, and let me turn on the light. The story took place in the London underground. “Look out! The handbag is going to blow up. People were making for the gate. One could hear a police car pull up outside the entrance. Four policemen turned up…” (2) I drew great inspiration from a picture I saw in my childhood. It was a running horse representing Time, which became the basis of my philosophy for business. During the 40 years I’ve been in management, I’ve learned that “ lost time never returns.” In marketing a new product we need to grasp every opportunity. This time when our new product, the voice activated computer (VACs), enters China, I am sure it will make its mark there. I believe we will be able to tie up deals with several Chinese big computer companies. Of course before the signing of the contract we have quite a few problems to iron out. We also need to arrange some training courses and factory tours for our future customers. That would take care of the years 1997 and 1998. Unit 8 The Winning Team Adjectives Focus: Analysing personality types and identifying strengths and weaknesses 1. Management themes As a manager it is useful to know what your strengths and weaknesses are, as well as those of your subordinates. The following text is based in Carl Jung’s analysis of personality types. Thinker # enjoys tackling problems with logic # is strong on analysis but weak on implementing solutions # is a methodical worker # is skeptical of projects unless backed up with sound, rational arguments. Sensor # is good at getting things done: is often impatient with the planning stage # feels at home with routine work # has a lot of common sense and is practical # works hard and is usually well organized # is energetic and single-minded. Intuitor # enjoys playing with ideas and theories # is good at seeing the ‘overview’, but misses the detail # is creative and has a strong imaginative sense # will often get hunches about things that turn out to be correct. Feeler # enjoys human company # assesses on overall personal values, not technical merit # is warm and sympathetic # is perceptive about people’s moods, feelings and reactions # may overlook blatant facts in favour of ‘gut feelings’.[/color] 1.1 Discussion Carl Jung believed that in each of us there is one predominant function, one or two that are semi-developed, and one that is under-developed. Which is your predominant function? Which is the function that you like least in others? What type of managerial tasks are you good at? Which are you not good at? Which types of managers would you most happily work with to make up an effective team? 2. Listening You are going to hear a group of four managers who work together talk about themselves and each other. Classify each manager according to one of Carl Jung’s types. Maggie___________________ lan _______________________ Pam _____________________ Stephen___________________ Listening task Extract 1 Pam talks about herself. Well, I suppose what I’ve always worried about is the fact that I’m not very scientific. In fact this goes right back to my earliest memories, childhood, school and after. I have a very strong visual imagination. I see ideas rather than thinking about them or feeling them. I’m definitely very much influenced y form, shape, colours, those features rather than sounds. On a personal level I see myself as a bit excitable, a little oversensitive. When I watch myself on video, I seem very nervous. I know that the others in our group think of me as a bit impulsive, perhaps even extravagant. But I help to counterbalance the others… Extract 2 Pam talks about Maggie. In some ways Maggie and I are complete opposites, although I have enormous respect for her opinions. I suppose what I admire most abut her is that she is so steady and systematic. For example, if I work with her on a project, she’ll approach it in a totally systematic way, you know, step-by-step analysis. And, of course, it can’t be faulted. But I just don’t operate like that. If you ask me to describe her, I’d call her unimaginative. It’s not derogatory. It’s just her character. But I’m glad that we can see each other’s strengths and weaknesses. Extract 3 Maggie talks about herself and Lan Lan and I can work really easily together. Now, that doesn’t mean we always get the best results. But, because we are similar, I’d say we complement each other, especially in our working styles. Of course, it’s not always peaches and cream. When there are deadlines, lan can drive me crazy. I mean he’s such a perfectionist. If a document doesn’t look absolutely perfect, he’ll sit up till midnight correcting the punctuation, even if it’s only a draft report for internal consumption. He can e really fastidious-especially about the appearance of things. But he’s able to produce consistent first-class work. Though sometimes I wish he could be a bit more laid-back. But on balance I think I prefer things that way round to… Extract 4 Lan talks about himself and Stephen. Stephen is the easiest person in the world to get on with, but perhaps the most difficult in the team for me to work with. At a personal level we get on like a house on fire. He’s excellent company, I suppose which is why he’s so popular. On a professional level, it can be tough-going. So where do I see my strengths? Well, if I’m honest, I’d say that I am fairly competent and quite efficient. I like to get down to the job in hand and get a result. I’d say I’m an all-rounder. I can take on different types of projects-even the most routine ones-and get great satisfaction from them. And Stephen’s strengths? Well, when we work together, he’s always interested in the human siee, you know, the personalities behind the people. How they are going to jell or clash. He’s very sensitive about that sort of thing. That’s why he’s so good at sorting out personality clashes. In fact, I remember shortly after I joined there was a problem with… 1本课主题 作为一名经理弄清自己和下属的优缺点是很有用的下文是根据卡尔荣格个性类别分析的理论提出的性格分类对于高级管理人才这一课至关重要 思想型 喜欢利用逻辑方法解决问题 强于分析但行动时优柔寡断 工作井井有条 对缺乏足够论据的方案一律持怀疑态度 实干型 擅长于行动对准备阶段缺乏耐心 喜欢常规工作 实际富于常识 工作勤勉有条有理 精力充沛专心致志 直觉型 喜欢琢磨一些新想法新理论 擅长于观察全局但往往漏掉细节 富于创造想像力极为丰富 预感往往较为准确 感受型 喜欢与人交往 评价事物往往从个人价值观点出发而不考虑其技术优势 热情富于同情心 对别人的情绪感情变化及反应感受灵敏 忽略外在表象事实注意本质感受 生词与短语 Carl Jung 卡尔荣格1875-1961瑞士心理学家弗洛伊德的学生首创分析心理学本课所介绍的他对人们性格类别划分的理论在企业管理中尤为有用 Tackle v. 对付处理 Implement v. 实施贯彻 Solution n. 解决方案 Methodical a. 井井有条的 Sceptical a. 持怀疑态度的 Sensor n. 实干型的人 Intuitor n. 直觉型的人 Play with 琢磨反复玩味 Miss v. 忽略失去 Get hunches about sth. 对有预感 Turn out 结果 Feeler n. 感受型的人触角 Overall a. 全面的总体的 Mood n. 多变的情绪 Reaction n. 反应 Overlook v. 忽略 Blatant a. 明显的 Gut feelings 直觉的深层感受 11讨论问题 卡尔荣格认为在每个人的身上以上4种个性类别均有一种占主要地位一种或两种未完全显现还有一种未显现在你身上哪种占主导地位你最不喜欢别人具备哪一种性格哪些是你所擅长的管理工作哪些是你所不擅长的管理工作为了组成一个有效的团队你最喜欢和哪类经理人员一起工作 2听力练习 生词与短语 impulsive a. 易冲动的 extravagant a. 奢侈的浪费的放肆的 counterbalance vt. 抗衡 unimaginative a. 缺乏想像力的 derogatory a. 贬义的 complement v. 互补 peaches & cream 指皮肤白里透红美丽的指事物进展顺利的美好的 deadline n. 最后期限 punctuation n. 标点符号 consumption n. 消耗浪费 fastidious a. 爱挑剔的过分讲究的 laid-back a. 放松的 like a house on fire 常指友情爱情十分顺利而快速的发展火热的 competent a. 能干的干练的能胜任的 to get down to 开始认真对待着手干 all-rounder n. 多面手全才 routine n. 日常琐碎平凡的工作 personality n. 性格人物 TV personality 电视明星名人 jell v. 使成形 clash v. 冲突抵触 jell or clash 成语短语合作或冲突 听力译文 第一段 帕姆谈论她自己 我猜我总是担心自己的科学性不够事实上这可以一直追溯到我最早的记忆童年学校生活和以后的日子我视觉想像力很丰富对于我主意不是思考出来的也不是感受出来的而是看出来的我总是容易受形态形状颜色和其它视觉特征影响而不受声音影响从个人角度来说我觉得自己容易激动有些过于敏感我从录像带中可以看出自己有些神经质我知道同事们认为我好冲动甚至相当过分不过我想正好和其他的人平衡一下 第二段 帕姆谈论麦吉 从某种意义上说麦吉和我正好相反虽然我非常尊重她的意见我最佩服她的一点是她总是很稳重办事有条不紊比如我和她共同为一个项目工作时她总是彩一种非常系统的方法逐步进行分析当然不是说这样做不好只是跟我采用的方法不一样如果你要我描述她我会认为她缺乏想像力这并不含贬意这是她的特点不过我很高兴我们能看清彼此的优缺点 第三段 麦吉谈论她自己和伊恩 伊恩和我很容易共事这并不意味着我们总能取得最佳的结果但是我们很相似所以可以互补尤其在工作风格方面当然也不是事事圆满特别是那种有最后期限的工作伊恩科逼得我发疯我是说他们科是个完美主义者如果一份材料未达到尽善尽美他会为纠正几个小标点搞到深更半夜即使这只不过是一份内部用的报告草案他非常好挑剔尤其对事物的外观但他做出来的活儿总是一流的尽管他有时也希望自己能松驰一点儿但作为一种平衡我想那样也不错 第四段 伊恩谈论他自己和斯蒂芬 斯蒂芬是世界上最容易相处的人但对我来说他是小组中最难共事的人从私人角度来说我们又可以成为最要好的朋友跟他在一起总是很愉快我想这也是他为什么受欢迎的原因从工作角度来说却很难与他相处 我认为自己的长处在哪儿老实说我自己挺有能力办事效率高对于手头上的工作我总是认真着手去做而且要见成果我想说自己差不多是个多面手可以从事多方面的 工作即使是最常规的工作我也可以从中得到极大的满足 那么斯蒂芬的长处在哪里我们一起工作时他注重的是人性方面即人格个性为什么有些人在一起易处另外一些人则难处他对这类事情很敏感所以他总是擅长弄清人们之间和谐与磨擦的原因事实上我刻我刚去公司时曾发生过一件事 3. Presentation in the Listening extract, the speakers described their own and their colleagues’ strengths and weaknesses. They used a wide range of adjectives to describe these qualities. For example: On a personal level I see myself as a bit excitable, a little oversensitive. I know that the others in our group think of me as a bit impulsive, perhaps even extravagant. 3.1 Form of adjectives (a) Many adjectives are derived from nouns or verbs. 请见附图8-1 (b) Other adjectives, especially one-or two-syllable adjectives, do not have a suffix. good bad young old big small Notes on a adjectives: Some adjectives end in –ly. lively lovely friendly lonely Some adjectives have the same form as adverbs. early late straight hard direct short long high fast wrong 3.2 Uses of adjectives (a) To give more information about nouns or noun phrases. For example: I have a very strong visual imagination. What type of imagination? Visual. What type of visual imagination? A very strong one. The adjective normally comes before the noun. (b) After the verb ‘to be’. For example: She is so steady and systematic. He’s very sensitive about that sort of thing. (adjective + preposition) But I’m glad that] we can see each other’s strengths and weaknesses.(adjective + that clause) But he’s able to produce consistent first-class work. (adjective + infinitive with ‘to’) (c) After verbs of the senses such as look, sound, smell, taste and feel. For example: If a document doesn’t look absolutely perfect, he’ll sit up till midnight correcting the punctuation. (d) After linking or copular verbs. We can divide these into two types of copular verbs. Current copular verbs, which describe a current attribute of the subject. For example: He is/appears/seems/sounds very efficient. Resulting copular verbs, which describe a resulting attribute of the subject. For example: The team became/got/grew nervous after the results were released. 请见附图8-2 3.3 Order of adjectives We do not often use a large number of adjectives together when we speak. However, the following rule helps to decide the order, when multiple adjectives are used in writing. The general rule is to place the most specific nearest the head noun. For example: the large, new, black, well-written English management book Notice that in the example ‘management’ is in fact a noun acting like an adjective y modifying the head noun: a very common occurrence in English. general→ age→ colour→ participle→ origin→ noun→ head noun the large new black well-written English management book 4. Controlled practice A. What is the adjective which descries the following types of people? Use a word derived from the italicized words. The first one has been done for you. 1. someone who cannot be shocked [u]unshockable[/u] 2. some one with little or no imagination ___________ 3. someone with little or no enthusiasm ____________ 4. someone who is easily impressed _______________ 5. someone who organizes himself well ____________ 6. some one with high ideals _____________________ 7. someone who doesn’t use logic to solve problems ________ 8. someone who can be trusted ___________________ 9. some one with an unpredictable temperament ____________ 10. someone with a clear head _____________________ 11. someone who is easily excited __________________ 12. some one who can’t rest _______________________ B. Are the following sentences right or wrong? If wrong, then correct them. 1. Maggie is a logical thinker. 2. Maggie is a very methodic worker. 3. Lan always approaches tasks in a practical way. 4. that approach sounds very imaginative. 5. Stephen feels very sympathetically towards others. 6. She’s a very lively person. 7. Pam prefers to use a theoretic approach. 8. That solution doesn’t look very scientifical. 5. Word study A. The prefix ‘over’ can mean: ‘above’ as in overview – view from above. ‘more than’ or ‘additional’ as in overall – including everything. What words beginning with ‘over’ have the following meaning? 1. to run beyond a time limit ___________ 2. to charge too much money ___________ 3. a sum of money lent to person by a bank of more value than the money he has in his account _____________ 4. to look at but not see _____________ 5. left unpaid for too long ___________ 6. to solve a problem ______________ 7. across the sea; foreign ___________ 8. money spent regularly to keep a business running _____________ 9. payment for working beyond the usual time ____________________ 10. to get ahead of someone else in a race or competition _____________ B. Now complete the following sentences with the above words in the correct form. 1. We are unlikely to go back to that supplier because they ___________ us last month. 2. I’m sorry, I didn’t see that figure. I must have ________ it. 3. We pay the following ________ rates: 1.5 times normal for Saturday and double time for Sunday. 4. We will change your credit rating if you don’t pay off some of these _______ bills. 5. In the company newsletter, there are details of various _____________ assignments. Key to 4 A. 2. unimaginative 3. unenthusiastic 4. impressionable 5. well-organized 6. idealistic 7. illogical 8. trustworthy 9. temperamental 10. clear-headed 11. excitable 12. restless
